How to Draw a Binary Tree in Data Structure

Binary Tree

In this tutorial, you will learn about binary tree and its different types. Also, you will find working examples of binary tree in C, C++, Java and Python.

A binary tree is a tree data structure in which each parent node can have at most two children. Each node of a binary tree consists of three items:

• data item

• address of left child

• address of right child

Binary Tree

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Types of Binary Tree

1. Full Binary Tree

A full Binary tree is a special type of binary tree in which every parent node/internal node has either two or no children.

Full Binary Tree

To learn more, please visit full binary tree.

2. Perfect Binary Tree

A perfect binary tree is a type of binary tree in which every internal node has exactly two child nodes and all the leaf nodes are at the same level.

Perfect Binary Tree

To learn more, please visit perfect binary tree.

3. Complete Binary Tree

A complete binary tree is just like a full binary tree, but with two major differences

1. Every level must be completely filled
2. All the leaf elements must lean towards the left.
3. The last leaf element might not have a right sibling i.e. a complete binary tree doesn't have to be a full binary tree.

Complete Binary Tree

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4. Degenerate or Pathological Tree

A degenerate or pathological tree is the tree having a single child either left or right.

Degenerate Binary Tree

5. Skewed Binary Tree

A skewed binary tree is a pathological/degenerate tree in which the tree is either dominated by the left nodes or the right nodes. Thus, there are two types of skewed binary tree: left-skewed binary tree and right-skewed binary tree.

Skewed Binary Tree

6. Balanced Binary Tree

It is a type of binary tree in which the difference between the height of the left and the right subtree for each node is either 0 or 1.

Balanced Binary Tree

To learn more, please visit balanced binary tree.

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Binary Tree Representation

A node of a binary tree is represented by a structure containing a data part and two pointers to other structures of the same type.

            struct node {  int data;  struct node *left;  struct node *right; };                      

Binary Tree Representation

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Python, Java and C/C++ Examples

                # Binary Tree in Python  class Node:     def __init__(self, key):         self.left = None         self.right = None         self.val = key      # Traverse preorder     def traversePreOrder(self):         print(self.val, end=' ')         if self.left:             self.left.traversePreOrder()         if self.right:             self.right.traversePreOrder()      # Traverse inorder     def traverseInOrder(self):         if self.left:             self.left.traverseInOrder()         print(self.val, end=' ')         if self.right:             self.right.traverseInOrder()      # Traverse postorder     def traversePostOrder(self):         if self.left:             self.left.traversePostOrder()         if self.right:             self.right.traversePostOrder()         print(self.val, end=' ')   root = Node(1)  root.left = Node(2) root.right = Node(3)  root.left.left = Node(4)  print("Pre order Traversal: ", end="") root.traversePreOrder() print("\nIn order Traversal: ", end="") root.traverseInOrder() print("\nPost order Traversal: ", end="") root.traversePostOrder()              

                // Binary Tree in Java  // Node creation class Node {   int key;   Node left, right;    public Node(int item) {   key = item;   left = right = null;   } }  class BinaryTree {   Node root;    BinaryTree(int key) {   root = new Node(key);   }    BinaryTree() {   root = null;   }    // Traverse Inorder   public void traverseInOrder(Node node) {   if (node != null) {     traverseInOrder(node.left);     System.out.print(" " + node.key);     traverseInOrder(node.right);   }   }    // Traverse Postorder   public void traversePostOrder(Node node) {   if (node != null) {     traversePostOrder(node.left);     traversePostOrder(node.right);     System.out.print(" " + node.key);   }   }    // Traverse Preorder   public void traversePreOrder(Node node) {   if (node != null) {     System.out.print(" " + node.key);     traversePreOrder(node.left);     traversePreOrder(node.right);   }   }    public static void main(String[] args) {   BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree();    tree.root = new Node(1);   tree.root.left = new Node(2);   tree.root.right = new Node(3);   tree.root.left.left = new Node(4);    System.out.print("Pre order Traversal: ");   tree.traversePreOrder(tree.root);   System.out.print("\nIn order Traversal: ");   tree.traverseInOrder(tree.root);   System.out.print("\nPost order Traversal: ");   tree.traversePostOrder(tree.root);   } }              

                // Tree traversal in C  #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>  struct node {   int item;   struct node* left;   struct node* right; };  // Inorder traversal void inorderTraversal(struct node* root) {   if (root == NULL) return;   inorderTraversal(root->left);   printf("%d ->", root->item);   inorderTraversal(root->right); }  // Preorder traversal void preorderTraversal(struct node* root) {   if (root == NULL) return;   printf("%d ->", root->item);   preorderTraversal(root->left);   preorderTraversal(root->right); }  // Postorder traversal void postorderTraversal(struct node* root) {   if (root == NULL) return;   postorderTraversal(root->left);   postorderTraversal(root->right);   printf("%d ->", root->item); }  // Create a new Node struct node* createNode(value) {   struct node* newNode = malloc(sizeof(struct node));   newNode->item = value;   newNode->left = NULL;   newNode->right = NULL;    return newNode; }  // Insert on the left of the node struct node* insertLeft(struct node* root, int value) {   root->left = createNode(value);   return root->left; }  // Insert on the right of the node struct node* insertRight(struct node* root, int value) {   root->right = createNode(value);   return root->right; }  int main() {   struct node* root = createNode(1);   insertLeft(root, 2);   insertRight(root, 3);   insertLeft(root->left, 4);    printf("Inorder traversal \n");   inorderTraversal(root);    printf("\nPreorder traversal \n");   preorderTraversal(root);    printf("\nPostorder traversal \n");   postorderTraversal(root); }              

                // Binary Tree in C++  #include <stdlib.h>  #include <iostream>  using namespace std;  struct node {   int data;   struct node *left;   struct node *right; };  // New node creation struct node *newNode(int data) {   struct node *node = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));    node->data = data;    node->left = NULL;   node->right = NULL;   return (node); }  // Traverse Preorder void traversePreOrder(struct node *temp) {   if (temp != NULL) {     cout << " " << temp->data;     traversePreOrder(temp->left);     traversePreOrder(temp->right);   } }  // Traverse Inorder void traverseInOrder(struct node *temp) {   if (temp != NULL) {     traverseInOrder(temp->left);     cout << " " << temp->data;     traverseInOrder(temp->right);   } }  // Traverse Postorder void traversePostOrder(struct node *temp) {   if (temp != NULL) {     traversePostOrder(temp->left);     traversePostOrder(temp->right);     cout << " " << temp->data;   } }  int main() {   struct node *root = newNode(1);   root->left = newNode(2);   root->right = newNode(3);   root->left->left = newNode(4);    cout << "preorder traversal: ";   traversePreOrder(root);   cout << "\nInorder traversal: ";   traverseInOrder(root);   cout << "\nPostorder traversal: ";   traversePostOrder(root); }              

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Binary Tree Applications

• For easy and quick access to data
• In router algorithms
• To implement heap data structure
• Syntax tree

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Source: https://www.programiz.com/dsa/binary-tree

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